Open-air drug scenes represent very substantial challenges to health and law enforcement professionals around the world, especially in low-and middle-income (LAMI) countries. Brazil has the largest crack cocaine market in the world: 1 million Brazilians have used the drug during the past 12 months. There are 370 000 regular users living in the 26 state capitals and Federal District, and approximately 80% of them use drugs in public places. In São Paulo, the largest metropolitan region in Brazil (20.3 million inhabitants), there are several drug scenes with different degrees of visibility. ‘Cracolândia’ (Crackland) is the oldest (1989) and most densely populated, with 500 residents and more than 2000 regular visitors. It is located in the city centre of São Paulo by the main railway station (Luz Station).

Cracolândia’s economy and organization are controlled mainly by local drug trafficking and activities linked to drug use, such as unlicensed bars, the sale of stolen object sand prostitution. There is a lack of policing-specific strategies, and an absence of community involvement. Unemployment and social deprivation also contribute to the open and free use of drugs in this area.

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